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HTML for Beginners
For some reason, HTML seems to really frighten a lot of people.
Some have seen complicated HMTL that's been produced by an
editor program, or they've clicked 'View Source' on a few pages
and been scared by what they've seen.
What you have to realise, though, is that HTML was designed from
the beginning to be a very simple language to learn and to use -
just because automated systems for producing it have a tendency
to make it over-complicated, it doesn't mean that your code has
to be that way. The best way to get started with HTML is to get
over any fears you might have and just get stuck in.
Note that you will need to save files as filename.html before
you will be able to open them in a web browser. If you're not
sure how to do this with a text editor, use an HTML code editing
program.
All About Tags.
There's only one thing you really need to understand before you
start writing pages in HTML, and that's the tag system.
Basically, tags are commands in angle brackets, with text
between them. For example, here is some text in a bold tag:
bold text
The second tag has a slash before its name because it's a
closing tag. You can have as many tags inside other tags as you
want, as long as you always remember to close the last one
first. For example:
bold, italic, underlined text
If the tags are closed in the wrong order, then the code is
invalid.
The only other thing you really need to understand about tags is
that they can include some extra information in the opening tag.
A link tag, for example, will include an 'href' (the URL it
links to), like this: . Closing
tags never contain any extra information.
The Structure of an HTML Document.
These tags are usually laid out in a certain order. HTML is
quite flexible in general, but there are two tags that almost
all documents need to have: the head and the body. The head
should contain information about the document, as well as any
scripts or stylesheets it uses, while the body should contain
the main text of the document. So, as an example, a simple HTML
document might look like this:
my page
some text
The first thing to notice is the way it starts and ends:
with
the HTML tag. This is essential when you write HTML. Now, notice
what's included in the head and what's in the body: while the
head tells you the title of the page and that its background
colour is blue, it's the body that has the web page's text.
Once you've got that basic structure, all you need to do is add
more tags to make your page.
A Guide to the Tags.
html. The first and last tag. Tells the browser that the
document is HTML.
head. The header.
title. The page's title (appears in the browser's title bar,
right at the top of your screen).
style. Contains CSS that provides information on how the browser
should present your page.
body. The main body of the page.
p. A paragraph. All text should be contained in paragraph tags -
to start a new paragraph, close the old tag and open a new one.
b. Bold. Text between b tags becomes bold.
i. Italics.
u. Underline. Beware of using this tag for things like headings,
as many users have come to expect underlined text on the web to
be a link.
h. Heading. You should use different tags depending on how
important your heading is, so h1 for a page's main title, h2 for
subheadings, h3 for the next headings down, and so on.
a. The link tag (the a is a little confusing: it actually stands
for 'anchor'). This tag lets you link some of your text to
another page. It works by surrounding the text that you want to
become a link, like this: click
here.
ul/ol. Stand for 'unordered list' and 'ordered list' - used to
say that a list follows. The only difference is that ul uses
bullet points while ol uses numbers.
li. List item, a tag used inside ul or ol, like this:
img. Used for inserting images:  .
These are the most useful tags, but for a full reference, you
might like to visit www.w3schools.com/tags.
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